What is a stem cell?

What are stem cells?

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with two key properties: the ability to divide and create more stem cells (self-renewal), and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types. They serve as a sort of repair system in the body and can divide essentially without limit to replenish other cells.

What is the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the body. Adult (somatic) stem cells are multipotent, meaning they can only differentiate into a limited range of cell types. Embryonic stem cells are found in early-stage embryos, while adult stem cells are found in various tissues throughout the body.

What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?

Induced pluripotent stem cells are adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state. This breakthrough, achieved by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006, allows scientists to create pluripotent stem cells without using embryos, addressing ethical concerns while maintaining research capabilities.